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Depreciation Recapture Calculator

A building, cost-segregated equipment, and land can produce different gain categories. See the split before applying illustrative rates.

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Allocate a taxable cash sale

Example amounts are prefilled. Enter net proceeds after allocable selling costs, before mortgage payoff. Combine improvements into basis once. Use separate rows for separate depreciable assets; add more rows as needed. Confirm classifications from your depreciation schedule.

Straight-line building
Equipment asset
Land

Rates for the illustration

Your calculation

Total sale gain
$370,000
Section 1245 ordinary recapture
$50,000
Unrecaptured Section 1250 gain
$120,000
Remaining gain before Section 1231 netting
$200,000
Selected-rate illustration, not total tax
$76,000

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Educational estimate, updated September 29, 2026. Educational, not individualized tax advice. Taxable cash sale; assets held over one year; straight-line building depreciation; no Section 1231 lookback or loss netting. User-supplied allocation and rates; enter each depreciable asset separately, rather than netting several asset gains together. Remaining gain assumes eligibility for long-term Section 1231 treatment. Selected-rate illustration only; excludes income stacking, NIIT, state tax, Section 121, 1031 exchanges, installment sales, and accelerated building depreciation.

Worked example

Selling a rental with a cost-segregated equipment asset and land

An investor sells a rental property held more than one year in a taxable cash sale. The net proceeds are allocated across a straight-line building, one Section 1245 equipment asset from a cost segregation study, and land. Illustrative rates are 32% ordinary, 25% unrecaptured Section 1250 and 15% remaining gain.

Inputs

Worked example inputs
Building (Section 1250, straight line)$600,000 proceeds, $450,000 basis, $120,000 depreciation
Equipment (Section 1245)$60,000 proceeds, $80,000 basis, $70,000 depreciation
Land$200,000 proceeds, $150,000 basis
Illustrative rates32% / 25% / 15%

Calculator output

Worked example calculator output
Total sale gain$370,000
Section 1245 ordinary recapture$50,000
Unrecaptured Section 1250 gain$120,000
Remaining gain before Section 1231 netting$200,000
Selected-rate illustration, not total tax$76,000

Building gain is $600,000 minus $330,000 adjusted basis, or $270,000: $120,000 is unrecaptured Section 1250 gain (the depreciation taken) and $150,000 is remaining gain. Equipment gain is $60,000 minus $10,000, or $50,000, all ordinary recapture because it does not exceed the $70,000 of depreciation. Land adds $50,000 of remaining gain. The illustration is $50,000 x 32% plus $120,000 x 25% plus $200,000 x 15%.

Methodology

How this calculator works

For each asset, the calculator computes gain from adjusted basis, splits it by tax character, totals the categories, and applies the rates you choose to each category.

Formulas

  • Adjusted basis = basis before depreciation minus depreciation allowed or allowable. Gain = net proceeds minus adjusted basis.
  • Section 1245 ordinary recapture = lesser of the asset gain or its depreciation.
  • Unrecaptured Section 1250 gain = lesser of the building gain or its straight-line depreciation.
  • Remaining gain = gain minus recapture; land gain is all remaining gain.
  • Illustration = ordinary recapture x your ordinary rate + unrecaptured 1250 gain x your 1250 rate (25% maximum) + remaining gain x your gain rate (20% maximum).

Assumptions

  • Taxable cash sale; every asset held more than one year.
  • Straight-line building depreciation, so no additional Section 1250 depreciation is recaptured as ordinary income.
  • Remaining gain qualifies for long-term Section 1231 treatment; you supply the asset allocation and the rates.

What it ignores

  • Losses on any asset, Section 1231 netting and the five-year lookback (a loss stops the result).
  • How the gain stacks on other income, NIIT and state tax.
  • Section 121, 1031 exchanges, installment sales, related-party sales and accelerated building depreciation.

Sources

Primary sources

  1. 26 U.S. Code Section 1245: gain from dispositions of certain depreciable property: ordinary recapture limited to depreciation
  2. 26 U.S. Code Section 1250: gain from dispositions of certain depreciable realty: straight-line depreciation is not ordinary recapture
  3. 26 U.S. Code Section 1(h): maximum capital gains rate: unrecaptured Section 1250 gain and the 25% maximum rate
  4. 26 U.S. Code Section 1231: property used in the trade or business: netting and the five-year lookback
  5. IRS Instructions for Form 4797: how the sale is reported by asset
  6. IRS Publication 544: depreciation recapture and Section 1231
  7. IRS Publication 551: adjusted basis
  8. IRS Topic 409: capital gains tax rates

Educational, not individualized tax advice.

Start with the asset schedule, not a flat 25% rate

This calculator separates gain by tax character for a simplified taxable cash sale. It is useful for a rental-property exit or a cost-segregation discussion. It does not prepare Form 4797 or calculate your complete federal liability.

  1. STEP 01

    Allocate the sale consistently

    Use a supportable allocation of net sale proceeds across the building, Section 1245 assets, and land. Subtract allocable selling costs before entering proceeds. Tax basis includes capitalized improvements once; subtract all depreciation allowed or allowable. Your closing statement alone may not contain the needed asset-level allocation.

  2. STEP 02

    Read the three gain categories

    Section 1245 recapture is limited to the lesser of asset gain or its depreciation adjustments in this model. Straight-line building depreciation can produce unrecaptured Section 1250 gain subject to a maximum 25% rate. Remaining Section 1231 gain receives long-term treatment only after the applicable holding-period and netting rules are satisfied.

  3. STEP 03

    Carry the result into the exit decision

    The selected-rate illustration treats each category at the rate you enter. It omits income stacking, other gains and losses, the five-year Section 1231 lookback, NIIT, and state taxes. A 1031 exchange, installment sale, mixed personal use, or accelerated building depreciation needs a separate analysis rather than this cash-sale result.

Worked sale example

Illustrative allocations, not client results. Each asset is held over one year; no loss netting or lookback applies.

Swipe horizontally to compare

AssetNet proceedsBasis before depreciationDepreciationGain character
Building$600,000$450,000$120,000$120,000 unrecaptured 1250 + $150,000 remaining gain
Section 1245 assets$60,000$80,000$70,000$50,000 ordinary recapture
Land$200,000$150,000$0$50,000 remaining gain

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Frequently asked questions

Is all depreciation recapture taxed at 25%?

No. Section 1245 recapture is ordinary income. The 25% rate is a maximum for unrecaptured Section 1250 gain, and a lower rate can apply. This tool lets you select an illustrative building-gain rate rather than promising a flat tax.

Does cost segregation change the sale calculation?

It can. A study may create separately classified assets whose gain is subject to Section 1245 ordinary recapture. Enter the asset classifications from the depreciation schedule; the calculator does not classify components or value them.

What if I did not claim depreciation?

Basis generally must reflect depreciation allowed or allowable. Leaving missed depreciation out can overstate basis and understate gain. Correcting past deductions is a separate return-preparation question.

Can I enter a loss on one asset?

The tool stops combined results when an asset has a loss because Section 1231 and other netting rules may change the gain character. It does not convert a loss into zero and pretend the other assets determine the full tax.

How is a loan payoff treated?

A mortgage payoff changes cash received after closing, but it does not itself reduce gain in a taxable cash sale. Use net sale proceeds before paying off the loan.

Can this estimate a 1031 exchange?

Use the separate 1031 exchange calculator for a supported real-property exchange. This model assumes a taxable cash sale and excludes exchange, installment, related-party, and home-exclusion rules.

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